home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- CINEMA, Page 56Give the Rating System an X
-
-
- Directors and moguls wrangle over the movies' scarlet letter
-
-
- You've heard a lot about these new X-rated movies, and you
- want to know what all the rumpus is about. So you go to The
- Cook the Thief His Wife & Her Lover and find that it's mostly
- about unpleasant people arguing at the dinner table. You figure
- you can get that at home for free, so you check out Tie Me Up!
- Tie Me Down! and wait for the big sex scene. Sorry. The lovers
- are fond and tender, and they don't even get slaughtered at the
- end. You visit The Killer, a Hong Kong melodrama rated X for
- violence. Lots of gunplay but, darn the luck, no explicit
- maiming. Well, Frankenhooker sounds promising. But it doesn't
- deliver: the movie's big scene, of prostitutes' bodies
- exploding, is done on so meager a special-effects budget that
- the victims look like Barbie dolls on a test range.
-
- What ever happened to prurient interest? Who took the sex
- out of X? All the films recently rated X are either low-budget
- thrillers (Hardware, In the Cold of the Night) or art-house
- dramas (Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, Life Is Cheap...but
- Toilet Paper Is Expensive). They are not porno or slasher
- films. You can find kinkier sex in Wild at Heart and grosser
- violence in Total Recall. In contrast, the new X-rated films
- look far too tepid or obscure to be at the center of
- Hollywood's hottest controversy.
-
- They are, though. The movie industry is enduring one of its
- rare crises of conscience, when a filmmaker's rights are
- measured against box-office mandates. Since 1968 the rating
- system of the Motion Picture Association of America -- which
- designates films G for tots, PG and PG-13 for older children
- and adolescents, R for children in an adult's company and X for
- adults only -- has functioned as a guide for parents seeking
- suitable movies for their children and, not coincidentally, as
- a bulwark against state censorship of films. Now critics and
- directors are posing crucial questions about commercial films.
- Who gets to make a movie -- the artist or the industry censor?
- And who gets to see it -- everyone, adults only or just about
- nobody?
-
- Hugh Hefner used to set the standards for American
- permissiveness. Now Richard Heffner does. The chairman of the
- M.P.A.A.'s ratings board is deemed one of the most powerful men
- in Hollywood. He is known to negotiate personally with
- directors, urging them to remove, say, a beheading from this
- film, an orgasmic groan from that. Lately Heffner hasn't liked
- a lot of what he sees. When he emerged from a screening of
- Frankenhooker, the story goes, he told a representative of the
- film that it "should be rated S for s---."
-
- In the M.P.A.A.'s New York City office, Heffner and six
- other solons, whose main qualification is that they are
- parents, rate each picture. The director may contest their
- decision, but he is unlikely to win. First, he needs a
- two-thirds majority of the appeal board to overturn the
- original verdict. Second, if the film is still rated X, and if
- his studio is a member of the M.P.A.A. (as all the major
- studios are), he is contractually obligated to recut the film
- for an R rating.
-
- The smaller distributors are not bound by the X rating. They
- can even be helped by its notoriety; The Cook the Thief earned
- a surprising $7 million in its first four months of release.
- But even the independents can suffer. Most newspapers and TV
- stations refuse to run advertising for an X-rated film, because
- the scarlet letter is popularly, and incorrectly, thought
- synonymous with pornography. Most theaters will not book an X;
- some have clauses in their building leases that prohibit it.
- For the distributor of an independent action movie like The
- Killer or Hardware, an X can mean the difference between
- opening in 400 theaters and opening in only 40. As with so many
- other battles, the ratings wrangle is ultimately about real
- estate.
-
- Early this year, as the cultural right wing campaigned
- against 2 Live Crew and Robert Mapplethorpe, the Heffner board
- began handing out Xs as if they were parking tickets. The
- National Society of Film Critics objected, and last month 31
- directors (including Francis Ford Coppola, Ron Howard, Spike
- Lee and Barry Levinson) petitioned Jack Valenti, head of the
- M.P.A.A., to designate "a new rating of A (for adult) or M (for
- mature) . . . to indicate a film contains strong adult themes
- or images and that minors are not to view them." Two weeks ago,
- Valenti met with writers and directors to discuss the problem.
- All participants are mum on the meeting, but there are hints
- that Valenti was less opposed to change. "There isn't anything
- in the world," he reportedly said, "that can't be made
- better."
-
- Industry apologists are worried that any change could make
- things worse. The current system, they believe, is courtproof;
- an amended system might not be, especially in today's unstable
- political climate. "It is not an easy problem," says Glenn
- Gumpel, executive director of the Directors Guild of America.
- "There will not be an easy solution. If there is a way to allow
- parents to make a more informed choice and, at the same time,
- take some movies out of the X category, then we should explore
- that."
-
- One possibility -- replacing the X with an A or M -- would
- remove some toxicity from the rating. But even if the M.P.A.A.
- accepted it, theater owners might not -- and there's no point
- in making a product if you can't market it. Another proposal
- is to release a film in both its X and R versions, as is
- sometimes done when a controversial movie appears on video.
- "That may be usable occasionally," says an industry insider.
- "But it is unclear if it would solve all the problems." He
- means that Hollywood is an industry posing as an art -- and only
- a fool would propose any rating that excludes the
- all-important teen audience.
-
- But pandering to teens is precisely the problem. Under the
- R-or-nothing system, every film must be designed only for those
- under 17. That leaves adults without their own ambitious movie
- entertainment. Now there's an idea that should be rated X.
-
-
- By Richard Corliss. Reported by Elizabeth L. Bland/New York.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-